Professor William P. Minicozzi II

Department of Mathematics, Johns Hopkins University

Office: (410) 516 6656; Fax: (410) 516 5549

Office hours (Spring 08):  Mondays 1:00-1:30 and Fridays 10:00-11:00.

Fall 2009 Course:     --- 110.645 Geometry

 

Slides (missing figures) from ICM talk, Madrid 2006.

Slides from talk on The rate of change of width under flows, 2008.

Links to a book and some papers:

 

Survey on geometric analsysis for Surveys in Differential Geometry IX (with Colding); LANL link.

 

Geometric evolution  equations:

 

Sharp estimates for mean curvature flow of graphs -

    Sharp estimates for mean curvature flow of graphs are shown - a gradient estimate and an area estimate - and examples are given to illustrate why these are sharp. The gradient estimate improves an earlier (non-sharp) estimate of Klaus Ecker and Gerhard Huisken (joint with Colding, Crelles Journal, volume 574, 2004); LANL link.

 

Estimates for the extinction time for the Ricci flow on certain 3-manifolds and a question of Perelman (joint with Colding; Journal of the AMS, volume 3, 2005; link); LANL link.

 

Width and mean curvature flow (joint with Colding); LANL link.

Given a Riemannian metric on a homotopy $n$-sphere, sweep it out by a continuous one-parameter family of closed curves starting and ending at point curves. Pull the sweepout tight by, in a continuous way, pulling each curve as tight as possible yet preserving the sweepout. We show:
    Each curve in the tightened sweepout whose length is close to the length of the longest curve in the sweepout must itself be close to a closed geodesic.  In particular, there are curves in the sweepout that are close to closed geodesics.
    Finding closed geodesics on the 2-sphere by using sweepouts goes back to Birkhoff in 1917.  As an application, we bound from above, by a negative constant, the rate of change of the width for a one-parameter family of convex hypersurfaces that flows by mean curvature. The width is loosely speaking up to a constant the square of the length of the shortest closed curve needed to ``pull over'' $M$. This estimate is sharp and leads to a sharp estimate for the extinction time; cf. above where a similar bound for the rate of change for the two dimensional width is shown for homotopy 3-spheres evolving by the Ricci flow (see also Perelman).

 

 

Width and finite extinction time of Ricci flow (joint with Colding); LANL link.

This is an expository article with complete proofs intended for a general non-specialist audience. The results are two-fold. First, we discuss a geometric invariant, that we call the width, of a manifold and show how it can be realized as the sum of areas of minimal 2-spheres. For instance, when $M$ is a homotopy 3-sphere, the width is loosely speaking the area of the smallest 2-sphere needed to ``pull over'' $M$. Second, we use this to conclude that Hamilton's Ricci flow becomes extinct in finite time on any homotopy 3-sphere. We have chosen to write this since the results and ideas given here are quite useful and seem to be of interest to a wide audience.

 

Smooth compactness of self-shrinkers (joint with Colding).

We prove a smooth compactness theorem for the space of embedded self-shrinkers in $\RR^3$. Since self-shrinkers model singularities in mean curvature flow, this theorem can be thought of as a compactness result for the space of all singularities and it plays an important role in studying generic mean curvature flow.

 

Generic mean curvature flow I; generic singularities (joint with Colding).

It has long been conjectured that starting at a generic smooth closed embedded surface in R^3, the mean curvature flow remains smooth until it arrives at a singularity in a neighborhood of which the flow looks like concentric spheres or cylinders. That is, the only singularities of a generic flow are spherical or cylindrical. We will address this conjecture here and in a sequel. The higher dimensional case will be addressed elsewhere.

The key in showing this conjecture is to show that shrinking spheres, cylinders and planes are the only stable self-shrinkers under the mean curvature flow. We prove this here in all dimensions. An easy consequence of this is that every other singularity than spheres and cylinders can be perturbed away.

 

Minimal surfaces:

 

Shapes of embedded minimal surfaces - (joint with Colding, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science): LANL link.

Minimal surfaces with uniform curvature (or area) bounds have been well understood and the regularity theory is complete, yet essentially nothing was known without such bounds. We discuss here the theory of embedded (i.e., without self-intersections) minimal surfaces in Euclidean 3-space without a priori bounds. The study is divided into three cases, depending on the topology of the surface. Case one is where the surface is a disk, in case two the surface is a planar domain (genus zero), and the third case is that of finite (non-zero) genus. The complete understanding of the disk case is applied in both cases two and three.
As we will see, the helicoid, which is a double spiral staircase, is the most important example of an embedded minimal disk. In fact, we will see that every such disk is either a graph of a function or part of a double spiral staircase. The helicoid was discovered to be a minimal surface by Meusnier in 1776.
For planar domains the fundamental examples are the catenoid, also discovered by Meusnier in 1776, and the Riemann examples discovered by Riemann in the beginning of the 1860s. Finally, for general fixed genus an important example is the recent example by Hoffman-Weber-Wolf of a genus one helicoid.
In the last section we discuss why embedded minimal surfaces are automatically proper. This was known as the Calabi-Yau conjectures for embedded surfaces. For immersed surfaces there are counter-examples by Jorge-Xavier and Nadirashvili.

 

Embedded minimal surfaces (ICM 2006 Proceedings)-

The study of embedded minimal surfaces in $\RR^3$ is a classical problem, dating to the mid 1700's, and many people have made key contributions. We will survey a few recent advances, focusing on joint work with Tobias H. Colding of MIT and Courant, and taking the opportunity to focus on results that have not been highlighted elsewhere; LANL link.

 

Minimal submanifolds: Encyclopedia Entry -

This is an introduction to the basic results on minimal submanifolds, written for the Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics  (joint with Colding).

 

Fixed genus (Embedded minimal surfaces V) -

This paper is the fifth and final in a series on embedded minimal surfaces. Following our earlier papers on disks, we prove here two main structure theorems for non-simply connected embedded minimal surfaces of any given fixed genus. (joint with Colding); LANL link.

 

 

Minimal submanifolds -

We give a quick tour through the field of minimal submanifolds. Starting at the definition and the classical results and ending up with current areas of research. Many references are given for further readings (joint with Colding; Bulletin of the London Math. Society); LANL link.

 

 

The Calabi--Yau conjectures for embedded surfaces -

In this paper we will prove the Calabi-Yau conjectures for embedded surfaces. In fact, we will prove considerably more.   The Calabi-Yau conjectures about surfaces date back to the 1960s.  Much work has been done on them over the past four decades. In particular, examples of Jorge-Xavier from 1980 and Nadirashvili from 1996 showed that the immersed versions were false; we will show here that for embedded surfaces, i.e., injective immersions, they are in fact true.  (Joint with Colding; LANL link.  Annals of Mathematics 2008)

 

 

Embedded minimal disks: Proper versus nonproper - global versus local -

We construct a sequence of (compact) embedded minimal disks in a ball where the curvature blows up only at the center.  This converges to a limit which is not smooth and not proper (joint with Colding, Trans. AMS, 2004); LANL link.

 

 

Minimal disks that are double spiral staircases -

Survey intended for general audiences (joint with Colding, Notices of the AMS, 2003); figures added to LANL link.

 

 

Embedded minimal disks -

Survey of Embedded minimal surfaces I, II, and IV - intended also as a reader's guide (joint with Colding, The Proceedings of the Clay Mathematics Institute Summer School on the Global Theory of Minimal Surfaces); LANL link.

 

 

Locally simply connected (Embedded minimal surfaces IV) -

We prove the one-sided estimate and the global compactness theorem (to a foliation) for embedded minimal disks (joint with Colding; Annals of Math. 2004); figures added to LANL link.

 

 

Planar domains (Embedded minimal surfaces III) -

We prove that stable embedded minimal annuli are graphs away from their boundary (joint with Colding; Annals of Math. 2004); figures added to LANL link.

 

 

On the structure of embedded minimal annuli-

We give a decomposition of embedded minimal annuli which illustrates our pair of pants decomposition for embedded minimal planar domains (joint with Colding; IMRN 2002).

 

 

Multi-valued minimal graphs and properness of disks-

We prove estimates for multi-valued solutions of the minimal surface equation and apply these to prove properness of some embedded minimal disks (joint with Colding; IMRN 2002).

 

 

MSRI lectures (July 16-20, 2001): I, II, III, IV, and V-

Pdf files of 5 lectures on joint work with Toby Colding given at the Clay Summer School on Minimal Surfaces, July 2001.

 

 

Minimal surfaces- Courant Lecture Notes by Colding and Minicozzi.

 

Estimates off the axis for disks (Embedded minimal surfaces I)-

A multi-valued graph in an embedded minimal disk can be extended almost all the way to the boundary (joint with Colding; Annals of Math. 2004); figures added to LANL link.

 

Multi-valued graphs in disks (Embedded minimal surfaces II)-

Proves that an embedded minimal disk with large curvature contains a nearby multi-valued graph (joint with Colding; Annals of Math. 2004); figures added to LANL link.

 

Minimal annuli with and without slits-

Bounds the oscillation of the normal for minimal annuli with slits; applied in the proof of removable singularity theorem for minimal limit laminations (joint with Colding; J. Symplectic Geom. 2002).

 

Removable singularities for minimal limit laminations - announcement; (joint with Colding; C.R.A.S. 2000).

 

Estimates for elliptic integrands-

Proves estimates on area and total curvature for intrinsic balls in two-sided stable minimal surfaces in three-manifolds; as consequences, we get Bernstein theorems and curvature estimates. In the case of area, this curvature estimate is due to Schoen. (joint with Colding; IMRN 2002).

 

Convergence of embedded minimal surfaces without area bounds- announcement; (joint with Colding; C.R.A.S. 1998) ---   httplink.

 

Complete properly embedded minimal surfaces in Euclidean space-

We prove that a properly embedded minimal annular end which lies above a sufficiently narrow downward sloping cone must have finite total curvature; this is related to earlier results of Collin, Hoffman-Meeks, and Meeks-Rosenberg (joint with Colding; Duke Math. J. 2001).

 

Examples of embedded minimal tori with unbounded area-

We construct examples of (open sets of) metrics on any three-manifold which admit sequences of embedded minimal tori with area going to infinity (joint with Colding; IMRN 1999).

 

Embedded minimal surfaces without area bounds in 3-folds-

Survey article; also contains an appendix showing a finiteness theorem for closed embedded minimal surfaces of fixed genus and bounded area in a 3-fold with a bumpy metric (joint with Colding; AMS 2000).

 

Function theory, I; special cases (linear growth or Euclidean volume growth):

 

Linear growth harmonic functions-

Proves the sharp rigidity theorem for spaces of linear growth harmonic functions on manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature (joint with Cheeger and Colding; GAFA 1995).

 

On function theory on spaces with a lower curvature bound- announcement; (joint with Colding; MRL 1996).

 

Harmonic functions with polynomial growth -

Studies growth properties of harmonic functions on manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature and Euclidean volume growth; developes an analog of Almgren's frequency function in this setting (joint with Colding; JDG 1997).

 

Schr\"odinger operators-

Determines explicit $C^0$ asymptotics for the Green's function on manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature and Euclidean volume growth (also $L^2$ limits for the gradient and Hessian); studies growth properties of external solutions for Schrodinger operators in this case (joint with Colding; AJM 1997).

 

Function theory, II; full generality:

 

Generalized Liouville properties- announcement; (joint with Colding; MRL 1996).

 

Harmonic functions on manifolds-

Settles affirmatively conjecture of Yau: the space of harmonic functions of polynomial growth on manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature is finite dimensional; generalizes to manifolds with Poincare and doubling (joint with Colding; Annals of Math. 1997).

 

Weyl type bounds-

Proves sharp polynomial bounds for the space of harmonic functions of polynomial growth on manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature; generalizes to manifolds with Poincare and doubling (joint with Colding; Invent. Math. 1998).

 

Liouville theorems for harmonic sections-

Proves sharp polynomial bounds for the space of harmonic sections of polynomial growth in various cases, including cases minimal submanifolds (where Poincare inequality fails) and a weak Bernstein type theorem (joint with Colding; CPAM 1998).

 

Eigensections, etc:

Volumes for sublevel sets of eigensections-  (joint with Colding;  Geom. Ded., 2003).

 

Analysis:

Maximal functions and oscillatory integrals-

Nikodym and Kakeya type maximal functions on Riemannian manifolds (joint with C.D. Sogge; MRL 1997).

 

Geometry of Lagrangian surfaces:

Lagrangian variational problems-

Proves existence and regularity for a Lagrangian torus which minimizes the Willmore functional; also relates this problem to the Lagrangian Plateau problem (JAMS 1995).

 

THESIS.dvi - my all too ancient thesis (advisor: Professor Richard M. Schoen, Stanford University 1994).

 

 

CV.

Research interests:

Useful links: